key board short cuts of ms-dos, gmail and how to recover your xp password **very userful**

1.) Windows Hotkeys

* Ctrl + Escape or Win: Display start menu.

* Shift + F10 or AppsKey: Display context menu.

* Win + E: Open Windows Explorer.

* Win + R: Open Run dialog.

* Win + M: Minimize all windows.

* Win + Shift + M: Undo minimize all windows.

* Win + D: Toggle minimize all windows. or toggle desktop view, using

 Show_Desktop.scf, while MinimizeAllWindows doesn't minimize dialog boxes
(including Properties windows).'.

* Windows Hotkeys: Activate system tray. Arrow keys select, Enter

 double-clicks, and AppsKey or Shift + F10 right-clicks.

* Win + L (XP Only): Locks keyboard. Similar to Lock Workstation.

* Win + F or F3: Open Find dialog. (All Files) F3 may not work in some

 applications which use F3 for their own find dialogs.

* Win + Control + F: Open Find dialog. (Computers)

* Win + U: Open Utility Manager.

* Win + F1: Open Windows help.

* Win + Pause: Open System Properties dialog.

* Win + Tab: Cycle through taskbar buttons. Enter clicks, AppsKey or

 Shift + F10 right-clicks.

* Win + Shift + Tab: Cycle through taskbar buttons in reverse.

* Alt + Tab: Display CoolSwitch. More commonly known as the AltTab dialog.

* Alt + Shift + Tab: Display CoolSwitch; go in reverse.

* Alt + Escape: Send active window to the bottom of the z-order.

* Alt + Shift + Escape: Activate the window at the bottom of the z-order.

* Alt + F4: Close active window; or, if all windows are closed, open

 shutdown dialog.

* Shift while a CD is loading: Bypass AutoPlay.

* Shift while login: Bypass startup folder. Only those applications

 will be ignored which are in the startup folder, not those started from the
registry (Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run\)

* Ctrl + Alt + Delete or Ctrl + Alt + NumpadDel (Both NumLock states):

 Invoke the Task Manager or NT Security dialog.

* Ctrl + Shift + Escape (2000/XP ) or (Ctrl + Alt + NumpadDot) : Invoke

 the task manager. On earlier OSes, acts like Ctrl + Escape.

* Printscreen: Copy screenshot of current screen to clipboard.

* Alt + Printscreen: Copy screenshot of current active window to clipboard.

* Ctrl + Alt + Down Arrow: Invert screen. Untested on OSes other than XP.

* Ctrl + Alt + Up Arrow: Undo inversion.

* Win + B : Move focus to systray icons.

2.) Generic

* Ctrl + C or Ctrl + Insert: Copy.

* Ctrl + X or Shift + Delete: Cut.

* Ctrl + V or Shift + Insert: Paste/Move.

* Ctrl + N: New... File, Tab, Entry, etc.

* Ctrl + S: Save.

* Ctrl + O: Open...

* Ctrl + P: Print.

* Ctrl + Z: Undo.

* Ctrl + A: Select all.

* Ctrl + F: Find...

* Ctrl+W : to close the current window

* Ctrl + F4: Close tab or child window.

* F1: Open help.

* F11: Toggle full screen mode.

* Alt or F10: Activate menu bar.

* Alt + Space: Display system menu. Same as clicking the icon on the

 titlebar.

* Escape: Remove focus from current control/menu, or close dialog box.

3.) Generic Navigation

* Tab: Forward one item.

* Shift + Tab: Backward one item.

* Ctrl + Tab: Cycle through tabs/child windows.

* Ctrl + Shift + Tab: Cycle backwards through tabs/child windows.

* Enter: If a button's selected, click it, otherwise, click default button.

* Space: Toggle items such as radio buttons or checkboxes.

* Alt + (Letter): Activate item corresponding to (Letter). (Letter) is

 the underlined letter on the item's name.

* Ctrl + Left: Move cursor to the beginning of previous word.

* Ctrl + Right: Move cursor to the beginning of next word.

* Ctrl + Up: Move cursor to beginning of previous paragraph. This and

 all subsequent Up/Down hotkeys in this section have only been known to

 work in RichEdit controls.

* Ctrl + Down: Move cursor to beginning of next paragraph.

* Shift + Left: Highlight one character to the left.

* Shift + Right: Highlight one character to the right.

* Shift + Up: Highlight from current cursor position, to one line up.

* Shift + Down: Highlight from current cursor position, to one line down.

* Ctrl + Shift + Left: Highlight to beginning of previous word.

* Ctrl + Shift + Right: Highlight to beginning of next word.

* Ctrl + Shift + Up: Highlight to beginning of previous paragraph.

* Ctrl + Shift + Down: Highlight to beginning of next paragraph.

* Home: Move cursor to top of a scrollable control.

* End: Move cursor to bottom of a scrollable control.

4.) Generic File Browser

* Arrow Keys: Navigate.

* Shift + Arrow Keys: Select multiple items.

* Ctrl + Arrow Keys: Change focus without changing selection. "Focus"

 is the object that will run on Enter. Space toggles selection of the focused item.

* (Letter): Select first found item that begins with (Letter).

* BackSpace: Go up one level to the parent directory.

* Alt + Left: Go back one folder.

* Alt + Right: Go forward one folder.

* Enter: Activate (Double-click) selected item(s).

* Alt + Enter: View properties for selected item.

* F2: Rename selected item(s).

* Ctrl + NumpadPlus: In a Details view, resizes all columns to fit the

 longest item in each one.

* Delete: Delete selected item(s).

* Shift + Delete: Delete selected item(s); bypass Recycle Bin.

* Ctrl while dragging item(s): Copy.

* Ctrl + Shift while dragging item(s): Create shortcut(s).

In tree pane, if any:

* Left: Collapse the current selection if expanded, or select the parent folder.

* Right: Expand the current selection if collapsed, or select the first subfolder.

* NumpadAsterisk: Expand currently selected directory and all

 subdirectories. No undo.

* NumpadPlus: Expand currently selected directory.

* NumpadMinus: Collapse currently selected directory.

5.) Accessibility

* Right Shift for eight seconds: Toggle FilterKeys on and off.

 FilterKeys must be enabled.

* Left Alt + Left Shift + PrintScreen: Toggle High Contrast on and off.

 High Contrast must be enabled.

* Left Alt + Left Shift + NumLock: Toggle MouseKeys on and off.

 MouseKeys must be enabled.

* NumLock for five seconds: Toggle ToggleKeys on and off. ToggleKeys

 must be enabled.

* Shift five times: Toggle StickyKeys on and off. StickyKeys must be

 enabled.

6.) Microsoft Natural Keyboard with IntelliType Software Installed

* Win + L: Log off Windows.

* Win + P: Open Print Manager.

* Win + C: Open control panel.

* Win + V: Open clipboard.

* Win + K: Open keyboard properties.

* Win + I: Open mouse properties.

* Win + A: Open Accessibility properties.

* Win + Space: Displays the list of Microsoft IntelliType shortcut

 keys.

* Win + S: Toggle CapsLock on and off.

7.) Remote Desktop Connection Navigation

* Ctrl + Alt + End: Open the NT Security dialog.

* Alt + PageUp: Switch between programs.

* Alt + PageDown: Switch between programs in reverse.

* Alt + Insert: Cycle through the programs in most recently used order.

* Alt + Home: Display start menu.

* Ctrl + Alt + Break: Switch the client computer between a window and a

 full screen.

* Alt + Delete: Display the Windows menu.

* Ctrl + Alt + NumpadMinus: Place a snapshot of the entire client

 window area on the Terminal server clipboard and provide the same

 functionality as pressing Alt + PrintScreen on a local computer.

* Ctrl + Alt + NumpadPlus: Place a snapshot of the active window in the

 client on the Terminal server clipboard and provide the same

 functionality as pressing PrintScreen on a local computer.

8.) Mozilla Firefox Shortcuts

* Ctrl + Tab or Ctrl + PageDown: Cycle through tabs.

* Ctrl + Shift + Tab or Ctrl + PageUp: Cycle through tabs in reverse.

* Ctrl + (1-9): Switch to tab corresponding to number.

* Ctrl + N: New window.

* Ctrl + T: New tab.

* Ctrl + L or Alt + D or F6: Switch focus to location bar.

* Ctrl + Enter: Open location in new tab.

* Shift + Enter: Open location in new window.

* Ctrl + K or Ctrl + E: Switch focus to search bar.

* Ctrl + O: Open a local file.

* Ctrl + W: Close tab, or window if there's only one tab open.

* Ctrl + Shift + W: Close window.

* Ctrl + S: Save page as a local file.

* Ctrl + P: Print page.

* Ctrl + F or F3: Open find toolbar.

* Ctrl + G or F3: Find next...

* Ctrl + Shift + G or Shift + F3: Find previous...

* Ctrl + B or Ctrl + I: Open Bookmarks sidebar.

* Ctrl + H: Open History sidebar.

* Escape: Stop loading page.

* Ctrl + R or F5: Reload current page.

* Ctrl + Shift + R or Ctrl + F5: Reload current page; bypass cache.

* Ctrl + U: View page source.

* Ctrl + D: Bookmark current page.

* Ctrl + NumpadPlus or Ctrl + Equals (+/=): Increase text size.

* Ctrl + NumpadMinus or Ctrl + Minus: Decrease text size.

* Ctrl + Numpad0 or Ctrl + 0: Set text size to default.

* Alt + Left or Backspace: Back.

* Alt + Right or Shift + Backspace: Forward.

* Alt + Home: Open home page.

* Ctrl + M: Open new message in integrated mail client.

* Ctrl + J: Open Downloads dialog.

* F6: Switch to next frame. You must have selected something on the

 page already, e.g. by use of Tab.

* Shift + F6: Switch to previous frame.

* Apostrophe ('): Find link as you type.

* Slash (/): Find text as you type.

9.) GMail

Note: Must have "keyboard shortcuts" on in settings.

* C: Compose new message.

* Shift + C: Open new window to compose new message.

* Slash (/): Switch focus to search box.

* K: Switch focus to the next most recent email. Enter or "O" opens

 focused email.

* J: Switch focus to the next oldest email.

* N: Switch focus to the next message in the "conversation." Enter or

 "O" expands/collapses messages.

* P: Switch focus to the previous message.

* U: Takes you back to the inbox and checks for new mail.

* Y: Various actions depending on current view:

Has no effect in "Sent" and "All Mail" views.

* Inbox: Archive email or message.

* Starred: Unstar email or message.

* Spam: Unmark as spam and move back to "Inbox."

* Trash: Move back to "Inbox."

* Any label: Remove the label.

* X: "Check" an email. Various actions can be performed against all

 checked emails.

* S: "Star" an email. Identical to the more familiar term, "flagging."

* R: Reply to the email.

* A: Reply to all recipients of the email.

* F: Forward an email.

* Shift + R: Reply to the email in a new window.

* Shift + A: Reply to all recipients of the email in a new window.

* Shift + F: Forward an email in a new window.

* Shift + 1 (!): Mark an email as spam and remove it from the inbox.

* G then I: Switch to "Inbox" view.

* G then S: Switch to "Starred" view.

* G then A: Switch to "All Mail" view.

* G then C: Switch to "Contacts" view.

* G then S: Switch to "Drafts" view.

10.) List of F1-F9 Key Commands for the Command Prompt

* F1 / right arrow: Repeats the letters of the last command line, one

 by one.

* F2: Displays a dialog asking user to "enter the char to copy up to"

 of the last command line

* F3: Repeats the last command line

* F4: Displays a dialog asking user to "enter the char to delete up to"

 of the last command line

* F5: Goes back one command line

* F6: Enters the traditional CTRL+Z (^z)

* F7: Displays a menu with the command line history

* F8: Cycles back through previous command lines (beginning with most recent)

* F9: Displays a dialog asking user to enter a command number, where 0

 is for first command line entered.

* Alt+Enter: toggle fullScreen mode.

* up/down: scroll thru/repeat previous entries

* Esc: delete line

Note: The buffer allows a maximum of 50 command lines. After this

 number is reached, the first line will be replaced in sequence.

Forgot Your Password On XP ?

1. Restart you computer

2.When booting, press F8 and select "Safe Mode"

3.After getting to the user menu. Click on a user and this time it will

 not ask you for a password

4.Go to Start>Run and type "CMD" (without the quotes).

5.At command prompt type in "cd C:\Windows\System32" (without the

 quotes), Provided ur windows should be installed in C drive or change the

 directory to which ever u have installed

6.For safety purposes first make a backup of your Logon.Scr file.. You

 can do this by typing in "Copy to Logon.scr to Logon.bak" (without the

 quotes)

7.Then type "copy CMD.EXE Logon.scr"(without the quotes)

8.Then type this command, I will assume that you want to set

 Administrator's password to "MyNewPass" (without the quotes)

9.Now, type this in (I am assuming that you are still in the directory

 C:WindowsSystem32) , "net user administrator MyNewPass" without the

 quotes

10. You will get a message saying that it was successful, this means

 Administrator's new password is "MyNewPass" (without the quotes)

11. Restart the PC and you will login as Administrator (or whatever you

 chose to reset) with your chosen password

Index of the Windows NT/XP command line

ADDUSERS Add or list users to/from a CSV file

ARP Address Resolution Protocol

ASSOC Change file extension associations

ASSOCIAT One step file association

AT Schedule a command to run at a later time

ATTRIB Change file attributes

BOOTCFG Edit Windows boot settings

BROWSTAT Get domain, browser and PDC info

CACLS Change file permissions

CALL Call one batch program from another

CD Change Directory - move to a specific Folder

CHANGE Change Terminal Server Session properties

CHKDSK Check Disk - check and repair disk problems

CHKNTFS Check the NTFS file system

CHOICE Accept keyboard input to a batch file

CIPHER Encrypt or Decrypt files/folders

CleanMgr Automated cleanup of Temp files, recycle bin

CLEARMEM Clear memory leaks

CLIP Copy STDIN to the Windows clipboard.

CLS Clear the screen

CLUSTER Windows Clustering

CMD Start a new CMD shell

COLOR Change colors of the CMD window

COMP Compare the contents of two files or sets of files

COMPACT Compress files or folders on an NTFS partition

COMPRESS Compress individual files on an NTFS partition

CON2PRT Connect or disconnect a Printer

CONVERT Convert a FAT drive to NTFS.

COPY Copy one or more files to another location

CSVDE Import or Export Active Directory data

DATE Display or set the date

Dcomcnfg DCOM Configuration Utility

DEFRAG Defragment hard drive

DEL Delete one or more files

DELPROF Delete NT user profiles

DELTREE Delete a folder and all subfolders

DevCon Device Manager Command Line Utility

DIR Display a list of files and folders

DIRUSE Display disk usage

DISKCOMP Compare the contents of two floppy disks

DISKCOPY Copy the contents of one floppy disk to another

DNSSTAT DNS Statistics

DOSKEY Edit command line, recall commands, and create macros

DSADD Add user (computer, group..) to active directory

DSQUERY List items in active directory

DSMOD Modify user (computer, group..) in active directory

ECHO Display message on screen

ENDLOCAL End localisation of environment changes in a batch file

ERASE Delete one or more files

EXIT Quit the CMD shell

EXPAND Uncompress files

EXTRACT Uncompress CAB files

FC Compare two files

FDISK Disk Format and partition

FIND Search for a text string in a file

FINDSTR Search for strings in files

FOR /F Loop command: against a set of files

FOR /F Loop command: against the results of another command

FOR Loop command: all options Files, Directory, List

FORFILES Batch process multiple files

FORMAT Format a disk

FREEDISK Check free disk space (in bytes)

FSUTIL File and Volume utilities

FTP File Transfer Protocol

FTYPE Display or modify file types used in file extension associations

GLOBAL Display membership of global groups

GOTO Direct a batch program to jump to a labelled line

HELP Online Help

HFNETCHK Network Security Hotfix Checker

IF Conditionally perform a command

IFMEMBER Is the current user in an NT Workgroup

IPCONFIG Configure IP

KILL Remove a program from memory

LABEL Edit a disk label

LOCAL Display membership of local groups

LOGEVENT Write text to the NT event viewer.

LOGOFF Log a user off

LOGTIME Log the date and time in a file

MAPISEND Send email from the command line

MEM Display memory usage

MD Create new folders

MODE Configure a system device

MORE Display output, one screen at a time

MOUNTVOL Manage a volume mount point

MOVE Move files from one folder to another

MOVEUSER Move a user from one domain to another

MSG Send a message

MSIEXEC Microsoft Windows Installer

MSINFO Windows NT diagnostics

MSTSC Terminal Server Connection (Remote Desktop Protocol)

MUNGE Find and Replace text within file(s)

MV Copy in-use files

NET Manage network resources

NETDOM Domain Manager

NETSH Configure network protocols

NETSVC Command-line Service Controller

NBTSTAT Display networking statistics (NetBIOS over TCP/IP)

NETSTAT Display networking statistics (TCP/IP)

NOW Display the current Date and Time

NSLOOKUP Name server lookup

NTBACKUP Backup folders to tape

NTRIGHTS Edit user account rights

PATH Display or set a search path for executable files

PATHPING Trace route plus network latency and packet loss

PAUSE Suspend processing of a batch file and display a message

PERMS Show permissions for a user

PERFMON Performance Monitor

PING Test a network connection

POPD Restore the previous value of the current directory saved by PUSHD

PORTQRY Display the status of ports and services

PRINT Print a text file

PRNCNFG Display, configure or rename a printer

PRNMNGR Add, delete, list printers set the default printer

PROMPT Change the command prompt

PsExec Execute process remotely

PsFile Show files opened remotely

PsGetSid Display the SID of a computer or a user

PsInfo List information about a system

PsKill Kill processes by name or process ID

PsList List detailed information about processes

PsLoggedOn Who's logged on (locally or via resource sharing)

PsLogList Event log records

PsPasswd Change account password

PsService View and control services

PsShutdown Shutdown or reboot a computer

PsSuspend Suspend processes

PUSHD Save and then change the current directory

QGREP Search file(s) for lines that match a given pattern.

RASDIAL Manage RAS connections

RASPHONE Manage RAS connections

RECOVER Recover a damaged file from a defective disk.

REG Read, Set or Delete registry keys and values

REGEDIT Import or export registry settings

REGSVR32 Register or unregister a DLL

REGINI Change Registry Permissions

REM Record comments (remarks) in a batch file

REN Rename a file or files.

REPLACE Replace or update one file with another

RD Delete folder(s)

RDISK Create a Recovery Disk

RMTSHARE Share a folder or a printer

ROBOCOPY Robust File and Folder Copy

ROUTE Manipulate network routing tables

RUNAS Execute a program under a different user account

RUNDLL32 Run a DLL command (add/remove print connections)

SC Service Control

SCHTASKS Create or Edit Scheduled Tasks

SCLIST Display NT Services

ScriptIt Control GUI applications

SET Display, set, or remove environment variables

SETLOCAL Control the visibility of environment variables

SETX Set environment variables permanently

SHARE List or edit a file share or print share

SHIFT Shift the position of replaceable parameters in a batch file

SHORTCUT Create a windows shortcut (.LNK file)

SHOWGRPS List the NT Workgroups a user has joined

SHOWMBRS List the Users who are members of a Workgroup

SHUTDOWN Shutdown the computer

SLEEP Wait for x seconds

SOON Schedule a command to run in the near future

SORT Sort input

START Start a separate window to run a specified program or command

SU Switch User

SUBINACL Edit file and folder Permissions, Ownership and Domain

SUBST Associate a path with a drive letter

SYSTEMINFO List system configuration

TASKLIST List running applications and services

TIME Display or set the system time

TIMEOUT Delay processing of a batch file

TITLE Set the window title for a CMD.EXE session

TOUCH Change file timestamps

TRACERT Trace route to a remote host

TREE Graphical display of folder structure

TYPE Display the contents of a text file

USRSTAT List domain usernames and last login

VER Display version information

VERIFY Verify that files have been saved

VOL Display a disk label

WHERE Locate and display files in a directory tree

WHOAMI Output the current UserName and domain

WINDIFF Compare the contents of two files or sets of files

WINMSD Windows system diagnostics

WINMSDP Windows system diagnostics II

WMIC WMI Commands

XCACLS Change file permissions

XCOPY Copy files and folders

 *****************************All The Best****************************

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